Scale-level Content Validity Index Research Articles

The Text-Picture Integration Scale for Perspectives on Mental Illness: Development and Validation.

Understanding the root cause of mental illness stigma is necessary to adopt effective management strategies. To establish a stable and effective text-picture integration rating scale to predict public perspectives on mental illness and to examine its reliability and validity. Descriptive cross-sectional study using internet survey data. Online. Two hundred volunteers. The 10-item the Text-Picture Integration Scale for Perspectives on Mental Illness was developed. The authors conducted data analysis using SPSS to evaluate the reliability and criterion-related validity of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS). The Text-Picture Integration Scale's item-level content validity index ranged from 0.83 to 1.00, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.97. The scale demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach's α = .80). The mean value of individual items ranged from 3.18 to 4.48, and the mean total score was 39.44 (SD = 8.47). The Text-Picture Integration Scale exhibited satisfactory criterion-related validity with the MHLS (r = .76, p < .001). Preliminary analyses support that the Text-Picture Integration Scale is a stable and effective rating scale to determine public perspectives on mental illness and is appropriate for evaluating destigmatization efforts. Plain-Language Summary: The study findings support the use of the Text-Picture Integration Scale as a stable and effective rating scale to determine public perspectives on mental illness. The scale is also appropriate for evaluating ways to address the stigmas that people associate with mental illness, which pose challenges for people in recovery. Occupational therapists can leverage their understanding of public perspectives on mental illness when choosing interventions to support the overall well-being of their clients with mental illness.

Reliability and validity tests of the Chinese version of the Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) in tumor survivors

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese-translated Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) for the assessment of locomotive syndrome (LS) in individuals surviving malignancies. Methods393 tumor survivors at a general hospital in China were recruited. The Chinese version of GLFS-25 was utilized to conduct a cross-sectional survey to ascertain the tool's efficacy in measuring LS in this cohort. The scale's validity was examined through content, structural and discriminant validity assessments, while its reliability was investigated by determining the internal consistency (via Cronbach's α coefficient) and test-retest reliability (via intragroup correlation coefficient, ICC). ResultsThe Chinese-adapted GLFS-25 demonstrated a robust scale-level content validity index of 0.94, while item-level content validity indices ranged from 0.83 to 1.00 across individual items. The suitability of the scale for structural validity assessment was confirmed via exploratory factor analysis, yielding a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of 0.930 and a significant Bartlett's test of sphericity (χ2 = 3217.714, df = 300, P < 0.001). Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) extracted four distinct factors: Social Activity Engagement, Daily Living Ability, Pain Experience and Physical Mobility. These factors accounted for 72.668 % of the variance, indicating substantial construct validity for measuring LS among this population. CFA supported the model's fit with the following indices: χ2/df = 1.559, RMSEA = 0.077, GFI = 0.924, CFI = 0.941, NFI = 0.919, and TLI = 0.933. The factor loadings for the four factors ranged from 0.771 to 0.931, indicating the items corresponding to the four factors effectively represented the constructs they were designed to measure. The correlation coefficients among the four factors were between 0.306 and 0.469, all lower than the square roots of the respective AVEs (0.838–0.867). This suggests a moderate correlation among the four factors and a distinct differentiation between them, indicating the Chinese version of the GLFS-25 exhibits strong discriminant validity in Chinese tumor survivors. Reliability testing revealed a high Cronbach's α coefficient for the overall scale at 0.961, with the subscales yielding coefficients of 0.751, 0.836, 0.930, and 0.952. The overall ICC was determined to be 0.935, with subscale ICCs ranging from 0.857 to 0.941, reinforcing the scale's reliability in this context. ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the GLFS-25 exhibits strong reliability and validity for the assessment of LS in tumor survivors. It may serve as a diagnostic tool for LS, contributing to the prevention and management of musculoskeletal disorders and enhancing the prognosis for this patient population.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Content Validation of a Pleural Mesothelioma Questionnaire to Portuguese Context – A Key Tool for Epidemiological Surveillance

Objective: The main objective of this study was to describe the translation, cultural adaptation, and content validation process of the French National Surveillance Programme for Pleural Mesothelioma (FNSPPM) questionnaire for the Portuguese context. Methods: A search was conducted in the PubMed database and Web of Science, in the period from January 1, 1960, to December 31, 2022, to select the questionnaire. Forward and reverse translations, calculation of the content validity index (CVI) by a panel of experts (n = 9), and cognitive interviewing with individuals with at least one exposure to asbestos (n = 10) were performed. Experts rated items on a Likert scale (1-4) based on their relevance. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI), scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/Ave), and scale-level content validity index based on the universal agreement method (S-CVI/UA) were calculated. Results: The final version of the FNSPPM questionnaire for the Portuguese context resulted from a translation and content validation process. The panel of experts considered the questionnaire relevant, with an I-CVI of up to 0.78 in 68 of 69 of the questions, an S-CVI/Ave of 0.98, and an S-CVI/UA of 0.90. The participants in the cognitive interviews reported an understanding of the questionnaire. Conclusion: A validated FNSPPM questionnaire for the Portuguese context is now available to study individuals with pleural mesothelioma (PM) and asbestos exposure.

Cross Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-5 (Parent Version) into Bangla

Introduction: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. Reliable and culturally appropriate assessment tools are crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. This study aimed to adapt and validate the ADHD Rating Scale-5 (Parent Version) into Bangla, assessing its psychometric properties in a Bangladeshi context. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 participants from urban areas and nuclear families. The scale underwent a rigorous translation and cultural adaptation process, following a six-step methodological approach. The study evaluated the scale's internal consistency, content validity, and construct validity through Cronbach's alpha, Content Validity Index (CVI), and factor analysis, respectively. Result: The ADHD-RS-5 Bangla Parent Version demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89) and good reliability in the Inattention (alpha = 0.858) and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity (alpha = 0.818) subdomains. Content validity was confirmed with high Item-CVI scores and a Scale-level CVI of 0.962. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the scale, and exploratory factor analysis identified three components, explaining 71.1% of the variance. Conclusion: The ADHD-RS-5 Bangla Parent Version is a reliable and valid tool for assessing ADHD symptoms in Bangla-speaking children. Its strong psychometric properties make it suitable for clinical and research use in Bangladesh. This study contributes to the development of culturally sensitive assessment tools for ADHD, enhancing the understanding and management of the disorder in diverse populations.

Development and psychometric testing of the lymphedema self-management support scale for breast cancer survivors

ObjectiveEffective self-management support should be tailored to the individual. To provide personalized and targeted self-management support, a rigorous assessment tool is needed to screen the actual degree of lymphedema self-management support received by breast cancer survivors. This study aims to develop and psychometrically test the Lymphedema Self-Management Support Scale for Breast Cancer Survivors (LSMS-BCs). MethodsThis study involves two phases: scale development and psychometric testing. In the scale development phase, preliminary items and domains were identified through a qualitative meta-synthesis, a quantitative systematic review, and reference to previous similar scales. Expert consultation and pilot study were conducted to refine the scale and evaluate the content validity. The psychometric characteristics were tested with 447 participants using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability assessments, as well as measurement invariance. ResultsA preliminary 21-item scale with four domains, basic management support, management support for limb volume reduction, role management support, and emotional management support, was constructed in the scale development phase ​and well supported by EFA and CFA. The scale-level content validity index was 0.983. Cronbach's α coefficient for overall scale and subscales ranged from 0.732 to 0.949. McDonald's ω ranged from 0.848 to 0.955. Excellent known-groups validity, concurrent validity, predictive validity, and measurement invariance were demonstrated. ConclusionsThe LSMS-BCs is psychometrically valid and reliable. It can serve as a valuable tool for assessing and understanding the lymphedema self-management support received by breast cancer survivors.

An integrated thermal sensation scale for estimating thermal strain in water

Acceptable definitions of thermal sensation for cold and hot water immersion do not exist. The use of subjective thermal sensation scales remains unsolved with broad psycho-physiological, and semantic implications. We hypothesize that perception of thermal sensation could be a valid and reliable indicator for thermal strain during exposure in water. We aimed to provide a theoretical background for behavioral thermoregulation and neurocognition to support an integrated thermal sensation scale for estimation of thermal load during head-out water immersion. This research used a mixed methods approach. Domains were identified and items were measured for thermal load to examine the content validity. Thereafter, we formed an integrated scale based on standard 10,551 of International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Finally, we conducted a pilot study for the face validation of the scale based on a 30 min head-out water immersion at 26 °C in healthy adults (females, n = 4; males, n = 4; age: 22.6 ± 8.0 years; body mass, 67.7 ± 9.5 kg; height, 169.0 ± 5.6 cm). We identified three aspects (environment, physiological and behavioral thermoregulation) and a total of 18 items, of whom eight items (water temperature, immersion duration, core temperature, skin temperature, body heat storage, shivering, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort) were acceptable based on terms of scale-level content validity index (S-CVI = 92 %). Conditions incorporated into our scale included: icy < 12 °C, cold 12–24 °C, cool 24–29 °C, neutral 29–38 °C, warm 38–43 °C, and hot > 43 °C. We found excellent face validity based on a reported homogenous cool feeling and physiological thermoregulatory responses. Our study revealed our model could reasonably characterize body thermal load though whole-body thermal sensation based on well-established thermoregulatory mechanisms during water immersion. Further research is needed to validate the accuracy of our behavioral model in a variety of water temperatures and in a larger sample size.

Preimplementation of Critical Care Early Mobility Clinical Decision Support: A Content Validation Study.

Early mobility is a form of critical care rehabilitation ranging from in-bed exercise to ambulation and is known to limit post-intensive-care functional decline. Multiple barriers prevent widespread early mobility implementation. Clinical decision support systems can optimize the decision-making process and overcome barriers to care. However, critical care early mobility clinical decision support does not exist. Our objective was to develop and establish the content validation of the operational definitions for a novel critical care early mobility assessment instrument. Content validation was conducted in two steps: (1) development of operational definitions by the research team and (2) content validation with 10 nurse experts. Quality assessment and suitability of the operational definitions for 30 items, across four safety domains, were assessed using a 7 point-Likert scale. Item content validity index scores ranged from 0.6 to 0.1 after the first validation round. Domains containing items with item content validity index scores less than the lower limit of 0.78 were modified for clarity of language. Item content validity index scores ranged from 0.8 to 1.0, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.93 after the second content validation round. Excellent content validity of the operational definitions was achieved. This is the first methodological step in a larger project to develop clinical decision support for critical care early mobility.

Predictors of Nursing Performance for Patient Safety among Nurses in Regional Hospitals: A Cross-sectional Study

Nursing performance for patient safety is crucial for improving patient safety outcomes and quality of care. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore nursing performance for patient safety and identify the predictability of patient safety knowledge, patient safety attitude, nurse practice environment, patient-to-nurse ratio, and nursing hours per patient day on nursing performance for patient safety. The participants included 234 nurses randomly selected from six regional hospitals across Thailand. The research instruments included a demographic data form, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, the Patient Safety Principles and Knowledge Questionnaire, the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, and the Nursing Performance for Patient Safety Scale, which yielded scale-level content validity indices ranging from .85 to .88. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from .81 to .98. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression were utilized for the data analysis.The results revealed that the nurses perceived overall nursing performance for patient safety at a high level. Patient-to-nurse ratio was the strongest predictor of nursing performance for patient safety, followed by patient safety knowledge, patient safety attitude, nurse practice environment, and nursing hours per patient day. All predictors could predict nursing performance for patient safety, accounting for 56.00% of the variance. Nurse administrators and policymakers can use the results of this study to develop strategies for improving nursing performance for patient safety. We recommend longitudinal studies using different samples of Thailand nurses in diverse settings to confirm results across the country.

The biosafety incident response competence scale for clinical nursing staff: a development and validation study

AimsThis study was designed to develop a biosafety incident response competence scale and evaluate its validity and reliability among clinical nurses.DesignThis study employed a sequential approach, comprising four phases: (1) the establishment of a multidimensional conceptual model, (2) the preliminary selection of the items, (3) further exploration and psychometric testing of the items, (4) the application of the scale among clinical nurses.MethodsThe biosafety incident response competence conceptual model was developed through literature review and the Delphi method. A total of 1,712 clinical nurses participated in the preliminary items selection, while 1,027 clinical nurses were involved in the further psychometric testing from July 2023 to August 2023. The item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to evaluate the construct validity. Reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability, while validity analysis included content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. From September to November 2023, we conducted a survey using the established scale with a total of 4338 valid questionnaires collected. T-test and variance analysis was employed to determine potential variations in biosafety incident response competence based on participants characteristics.ResultsThe final scale is composed of 4 factors and 29 items, including monitoring and warning abilities, nursing disposal abilities, biosafety knowledge preparedness, and infection protection abilities. The explanatory variance of the 4 factors was 75.100%. The Cronbach’s alpha, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.974, 0.945 and 0.840 respectively. The Scale-level content validity index was 0.866. The Average Variance Extracted of the 4 factors was larger than 0.5, the Construct Reliability was larger than 0.7, and the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio were less than 0.9. There were significant differences in the scores of response competence among nurses of different ages, working years, titles, positions, departments, marital status and participation in biosafety training (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe biosafety incident response competence scale for nurses exhibits satisfactory reliability and validity, making it a valuable tool for assessing clinical nurses’ abilities in responding to biosafety incidents.

Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the BCPT Eight Symptom Scale (BESS) in patients with breast cancer

ObjectiveThis study aimed to translate the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Eight Symptom Scale (BESS) into Chinese and subsequently examine the latent constructs and psychometric properties of the Chinese BESS (C-BESS) among patients with breast cancer. MethodsIn Phase 1, the BESS was translated from English into Chinese using the FACIT translation method. An expert panel was convened to assess the content validity, and pilot testing was performed with 20 patients with breast cancer. In Phase 2, a total of 427 patients with breast cancer ​from four Grade-A public hospitals in China were recruited to examine psychometric properties of the C-BESS. The internal consistency was evaluated based on the Cronbach's α, and the construct validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. ResultsThe C-BESS demonstrated satisfactory content validity index (item-level content validity index [I-CVI]: 0.8–1.0; scale-level content validity index [S-CVI]: 0.97). The Cronbach's α value for the entire C-BESS scale was 0.92. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that eight-factor structure of the C-BESS was a good fit to the data (CFI ​= ​0.959, AGFI ​= ​0.904, RMSEA ​= ​0.05, RMR ​= ​0.029). The scale exhibited good convergent validity and discriminant validity. ConclusionsThis study translated and validated the C-BESS for use in the Chinese population. The results demonstrate that the C-BESS exhibits good reliability and validity, with ideal psychometric properties for assessing the symptom burden in Chinese patients with breast cancer. This tool can be effectively integrated into the routine symptom monitoring of patients with breast cancer in China, helping Chinese clinical professionals in conducting comprehensive assessments of symptom burden.

Validity and Reliability of the Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test for Use in Turkey.

To assess the validity and reliability of the Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test (PZ-PUKT) for use in Turkey. This methodological study was carried out at a state hospital from June to November 2022. The authors used the PZ-PUKT and nurse identification form for data collection. They assessed the validity and reliability of the PZ-PUKT for Turkish society by evaluating language validity, content validity index, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach α, Spearman-Brown Split-Half analysis, item-scale correlations, and test-retest correlations. Item-level content validity indices ranged from .778 to 1.000 and the scale-level content validity index was .960. Factor loadings of the Turkish version of the PZ-PUKT ranged between .297 and .671. Cronbach α coefficients for the scale subsections were .838 for wounds, .851 for prevention, and .844 for staging; the Cronbach α coefficient was .936 for the total scale score. The PZ-PUKT is valid and reliable for use with nurses in Turkey. The authors recommend using the Turkish version of the tool in education and research to assess nurses' pressure injury knowledge.

Eating skills in children with autism via video modeling: an evaluation of face and content validation

&lt;p&gt;Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have their eating habits impacted by their traits, such as difficulty remaining seated at the table and exhibiting behaviors during mealtime. This often worries parents and causes stress and anxiety. Given video modeling's potential in helping children with ASD, experts should evaluate its effectiveness for teaching eating skills due to limited research in this area. Thus, the study aim to evaluate the validity of the developed videos of eating skills for children with ASD. For face validity, a focus group discussion was held to obtain experts' feedback on the eating skills video and was transcribed verbatim. Otherwise for content validity, the experts received content validity assessment forms and guidelines via email and the results was analysed using Microsoft excell. Face validity revealed four themes: suitability of videos, video quality and clarity, video instructions suitability, task analysis arrangement, and "other" recommendations. On the other hand, Video 1 and Video 2 scored 0.93 for relevance, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity for the S-CVI/Ave (scale-level content validity index based on the average method) which was considered acceptable. Video 3 received a satisfactory S-CVI/Ave score of 0.93 for relevance, simplicity, and ambiguity, but its clarity score at 0.91, and still within an acceptable range, though not particularly high. As a conclusion, all task analyses for the videos met the requirement to be considered acceptable. Addressing the suggestions for improvement can increase the video's efficacy in teaching eating skills and relieving parents' concerns.&lt;/p&gt;

Validating an Assessment Tool for Oral Health and Oral Care Procedures Performed by Healthcare Workers for Older Residents in Long-Term Care Institutions.

Poor oral health is a growing concern among older populations. It is often caused by a failure to maintain proper oral hygiene and inaccessible dental care. Poor oral health in older individuals in long-term care institutions (LTCIs) can be attributed to the fact that healthcare workers might be poorly trained in oral care assessment and practice. To address this issue, an assessment tool has been developed and validated to guide and evaluate healthcare workers' oral care practices, ensuring the delivery of adequate care and early detection of dental diseases in LTCIs. The tool includes an oral health assessment and an assessment of oral care procedures. It was developed following a robust literature review, two stages of expert reviews, content validity checks, and a pilot study. A total of twenty-three items were developed and validated, with seven items related to oral health assessment and sixteen related to oral care procedures. The items were assessed for content validity and relevance, with high values of 1 obtained for all Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI), and S-CVI/Universal Agreement (UA) scores. This indicates a high level of agreement among the experts (n = 12) regarding the relevance and importance of the items. A pilot study involving 20 nursing students confirmed the tool's reliability, applicability, and feasibility, demonstrating its high appropriateness and applicability. The newly developed and validated assessment tool can effectively guide and evaluate healthcare workers' oral care practices, enhancing their competence and improving the oral health of older residents.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese revised version of the pectus excavatum evaluation questionnaire in children with pectus excavatum

ObjectiveThis study aims to translate the Pectus Excavatum Evaluation Questionnaire(PEEQ) into Chinese, and to comprehensively assess subjective outcomes in quality of life of children with pectus excavatum.MethodsThe PEEQ was translated from English to Chinese as according to the PRO translation guidelines. Structural validity and reliability of the questionnaire were examined by validated factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient analysis respectively.ResultsThe results of the validation factor analysis for the Chinese PEEQ parent’s and child’s questionnaires demonstrated that the fit indicators for each dimension met the required criteria. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of parent’s and child’s questionnaires were 0.840 and 0.854. Both the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) of each sub-questionnaire were 1.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the PEEQ parent’s questionnaire is suitable as a proxy assessment for patients with PE, but the child’s questionnaire needs further adjustments.

Preliminary study on reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Asher-McDade aesthetic index.

This study aims to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Asher-McDade aesthetic index and clarify its feasibility for the postoperative outcome evaluation of cleft lip in China. The Chinese version of the Asher-McDade aesthetic index was established through translation, back translation, debugging, and pre-survey. Eighty postoperative photographs of patients with cleft lip admitted to the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University were included. Ten healthcare professionals, including surgeons, nurses, and students, in the department of cleft lip and palate surgery finished the index to test its reliability and validity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and retest reliability of this index are 0.804 and 0.895, respectively. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index ave-rage (S-CVI/ave) of the index are 1.000 and 0.95, respectively. For this index, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test score is 0.706, the χ2 value of Bartlett's test for the consistency of the index is 962.260 (P<0.01), and the cumulative variance contribution rate is 63.095%. The Chinese version of the Asher-McDade aesthe-tic index has good reliability and validity and is applicable to the professional evaluation of the effect of postoperative photographs in Chinese patients with cleft lip.

Construction and Validation of a Simulation Scenario for Teaching Family-Focused Care in Pediatric Oncology.

Clinical simulation can be a promising teaching strategy to help nurses develop behaviors that improve family care actions, promoting safe and high-quality care. The objective of this study was to build, validate, and test a simulation scenario in pediatric oncology family-focused care (FFC) following an initial diagnosis of cancer. It is a six-step methodological study based on the philosophy of Family-Centered Care (FCC), with a user-centered design. The evaluators established a Content Validity Index (CVI) > 0.8 for validation. Pilot testing included the Simulation Design Scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. A total of 35 experts participated in this study. All 19 items in the scenario were validated and considered relevant, in a single round, with the item-level CVI ranging between 0.8 and 1 and a scale-level CVI of 0.92. The high-fidelity developed and validated clinical simulation scenario is a consistent tool for the education of advanced practice nurses.

Contextualizing the revised Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness (PPPC-R) scale in primary healthcare settings: a validity and reliability evaluation study

BackgroundAn English version of the Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness (PPPC) scale was recently revised, and it is necessary to test this instrument in different primary care populations.AimThis study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a Chinese version of the PPPC scale.DesignA mixed method was used in this study. The Delphi method was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data to address the content validity of the PPPC scale by calculating the Content Validity Index, Content Validity Ratio, the adjusted Kappa, and the Item Impact Score. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used to assess the construct validity of the PPPC scale through a cross-sectional survey. The internal consistency was also assessed.Setting/participantsIn the Delphi consultation, seven experts were consulted through a questionnaire sent by email. The cross-sectional survey interviewed 188 outpatients in Guangzhou city and 108 outpatients in Hohhot City from community health service centers or stations face-to-face.ResultsThe 21 items in the scale were relevant to their component. The Item-level Content Validity Index for each item was higher than 0.79, and the average Scale-level content validity index was 0.97 in each evaluation round. The initial proposed 4-factor CFA model did not fit adequately. Still, we found a 3-factor solution based on our EFA model and the validation via the CFA model (model fit: {chi }^{2}=294.573, P < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.044, CFI = 0.981; factor loadings: 0.553 to 0.888). Cronbach's α also indicated good internal consistency reliability: The overall Cronbach's α was 0.922, and the Cronbach's α for each factor was 0.851, 0.872, and 0.717, respectively.ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the PPPC scale provides a valuable tool for evaluating patient-centered medical service quality.

Reliability and validity analyses of the postoperative comfort scale for patients with lung cancer undergoing endoscopic surgery and an evaluation of patient comfort.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours that threaten human health globally. Radical resection under thoracoscopic guidance has been accepted as the major therapeutic option for treating lung cancer clinically. However, the procedure still has some adverse impacts on the comfort of patients following thoracoscopic surgery. To analyse the reliability and validity of the postoperative comfort scale for patients with lung cancer undergoing endoscopic surgery and to evaluate patient comfort. With 210 patients with lung cancer undergoing endoscopic surgery as the participants, this study was performed to assess the reliability and validity of the postoperative comfort scale for patients with lung cancer undergoing endoscopic surgery, with the assessment performed by eight experts. The postoperative comfort scale included 28 items and consisted of four dimensions (physiological, psychological, socio-cultural and environmental). The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.851, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.875. Meanwhile, the content validity index (CVI) was 0.875∼1, and the scale-level average CVI was 0.99. The Chi-square/degree-of-freedom ratio of construct validity was 2.844, suggesting a good model-fitting. Furthermore, the overall average score of patient comfort was 3.72 ± 0.57, with scores ranging between 3.59 ± 0.71 and 3.83 ± 1.06 across all four dimensions, with the lowest score in the physiological dimension. The postoperative comfort scale has good reliability and validity and can be applied for the postoperative comfort assessment of patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for lung cancer. Overall, the degree of patient comfort in this assessment was moderate, meaning targeted measures may be required to further improve patient comfort, especially in the physiological dimension.

Outline and validation of a new dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation educational bundle using the Delphi method

AimDispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) is time-dependent. To date, evidence-based training programmes for dispatchers are lacking. This study aimed to reach expert consensus on an educational bundle content for dispatchers to provide DA-CPR using the Delphi method. MethodAn educational bundle was created by the Swedish Resuscitation Council consisting of three parts: e-learning on DA-CPR, basic life support training and audit of emergency out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls. Thereafter, a two-round modified Delphi study was conducted between November 2022 and March 2023; 37 experts with broad clinical and/or scientific knowledge of DA-CPR were invited. In the first round, the experts participated in the e-learning module and answered a questionnaire with 13 closed and open questions, whereafter the e-learning part of the bundle was revised. In the second round, the revised e-learning part was evaluated using Likert scores (20 items). The predefined consensus level was set at 80%. ResultsDelphi rounds one and two were assessed by 20 and 18 of the invited experts, respectively. In round one, 18 experts (18 of 20, 90%) stated that they did not miss any content in the programme. In round two, the scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/AVE, 0.99) and scale-level content validity index based on universal agreement (S-CVI/UA, 0.85) exceeded the threshold level of 80%. ConclusionExpert consensus on the educational bundle content was reached using the Delphi method. Further work is required to evaluate its effect in real-world out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Indonesian version of the Critical-care Pain Observation Tool

ObjectiveThe Critical-care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) is one of the most accurate methods for assessing pain in ICU patients with critical illness and/or a decreased level of consciousness (LOC). This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the CPOT. MethodsThe English version of CPOT was translated into the Indonesian version following five steps: initial translation, synthesis of instrument translation results, back translation, validation of the instrument by an expert committee, and testing of the Indonesian instrument. Between September and December 2022, a total of 52 ICU patients from four hospitals in Indonesia were evaluated for pain at rest, during body-turning procedure, and 15 minutes after the procedure using the CPOT. The researcher used the verbal Faces Pain Thermometer (FPT) instrument as a gold standard to assess the CPOT’s criteria validity. Validity assessments included content and criterion validity. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s α coefficient and interrater reliability. ResultsHigher CPOT scores were found during the body-turning procedure than at rest and after the procedure. The instrument’s item-content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.75 to 1.00, and the overall instrument’s average scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.93. The statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation (r) between the CPOT and the patient’s FPT scores (0.877–0.983, P < 0.01). The significant agreement amongst raters (κ) revealed the inter-rater reliability of the CPOT (0.739–0.834, P < 0.01). ConclusionThe Indonesian version of the CPOT has been proven valid and reliable in assessing pain in patients with critical illness and/or decreased LOC.